Comparative linguistics

Gotthelf Bergsträsser, Introduction to the Semitic Languages: Text Specimens and Grammatical Sketches (trans. Peter T. Daniels; Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns, 1983).

I. M. Diakonoff, Semito-Hamitic Languages: An Essay in Classification (Moscow: «Nauka» Publishing House, 1965).

Roland G. Kent, Language and Philology (New York: Cooper Square Publishers, 1963).

 

Akkadian language resources

Theo Bauer, Akkadische Lesestücke, Heft II: Zeichenliste und Kommentar (Roma: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum, 1953).

______, Akkadische Lesestücke, Heft 3: Glossar (Roma: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum, 1953).

Moshé Berkooz, The Nuzi Dialect of Akkadian: Orthography and Phonology (Philadelphia: Linguistic Society of America, 1937).

Jeremy Black, Andrew George, and Nicholas Postgate, A Concise Dictionary of Akkadian (2d corrected printing; Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2000).

Richard Caplice, Introduction to Akkadian (Rome: Biblical Institute Press, 1983).

Friedrich Delitzsch, Assyrische Lesestücke (5th ed.; Leipzig: J. C. Hinrich’sche Buchhandlung, 1912).

I. J. Gelb, Glossary of Old Akkadian (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1957).

______, Old Akkadian Writing and Grammar (2d ed.; Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961).

Edward L. Greenstein, Phonological Studies in Akkadian (Ph.D. dissertation, Columbia University, 1977; Ann Arbor: University Microfilms International, 1984).

John Huehnergard, A Grammar of Akkadian (Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns, 2000).

______, Key to A Grammar of Akkadian (Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns, 2000).

René Labat, Manuel d’épigraphie akkadienne (signes, syllabaire, ideogrammes) (Paris: Imprimerie Nationale de France, 1952).

René Labat and Florence Malbran-Labat, Manuel d’épigraphie akkadienne (signes, syllabaire, ideogrammes) (6th ed.; Paris, 1988; reprinted, Paris: Librairie Orientaliste Paul Geuthner, 1994).

David Marcus, A Manual of Akkadian (Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 1978).

Arthur Ungnad, Akkadian Grammar (Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1992).

 

Akkadian texts and translations

Annals of the Kings of Assyria (Volume I; ed. E. A. Wallace Budge and L. W. King; London: Oxford University Press, 1902).

Amar Annus, The Standard Babylonian Epic of Anzu (SAA Cuneiform Texts 3; Helsinki: The Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project, 2001).

Theo Bauer, Akkadische Lesestücke, Heft I: Keilschrifttexte (Roma: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum, 1953).

E. Bergmann, Codex Hammurabi: Textus Primigenius (3d ed.; Rome: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum, 1953).

Edward Chiera, Excavations at Nuzi Volume I: Texts of Various Contents (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1929).

_______, Joint Expedition with the Iraq Museum at Nuzi: Mixed Texts (Publications of the Baghdad School Texts: Volume V) (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1934).

_______, Joint Expedition with the Iraq Museum at Nuzi: Proceedings in Court (Publications of the Baghdad School Texts: Volume IV) (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1934).

Anton Deimel, "Enuma Elis" Epos Babylonicum de Creatione Mundi (2d ed.; Romae: Pont. Instituti Biblici, 1936).

Erich Ebeling, Die akkadische Gebetsserie "Handerhebung" (Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1953).

Enuma eliš. Plates 1-39 from Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets … in the British Museum, Part 13 (London: The British Museum, 1901).

A. K. Grayson, Assyrian and Babylonian Chronicles (Locust Valley, 1975; reprinted, Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2000).

Ernest R. Lacheman, Excavations at Nuzi, Volume VI: The Administrative Archives (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1955).

____________, Joint Expedition With the Iraq Museum at Nuzi: Miscellaneous Texts (Publications of the Baghdad School Texts: Volume VI) (New Haven: American Schools of Oriental Research, 1939).

W. G. Lambert, Babylonian Wisdom Literature (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1967).

W. G. Lambert and A. R. Millard, Atra-hasīs: The Babylonian Story of the Flood (Oxford, 1969; reprinted, Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns, 1999).

Daniel David Luckenbill, The Annals of Sennacherib (O.I.P vol. II; Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1924).

Piotr Michalowski, Letters from Early Mesopotamia (Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1993).

Martti Nissinen, et al., Prophets and Prophecy in the Ancient Near East (ed. Peter Machinist; Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2003).

Jamie R. Novotny, The Standard Babylonian Etana Epic (SAA Cuneiform Texts 2; Helsinki: The Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project, 2001).

Simo Parpola, The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh (SAA Cuneiform Texts 1; Helsinki: The Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project, 1997).

Robert H. Pfeiffer, Excavations at Nuzi, Volume II: The Archives of Shilwateshub Son of the King (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1932).

A. Pohl and R. Follet, Codex Hammurabi: Transscripto et Versio Latina (3d ed.; Romae: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum, 1950).

Martha T. Roth, Law Collections from Mesopotamia and Asia Minor (2d ed.; Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1997).

N. K. Sandars, trans., The Epic of Gilgamesh (repr., New York: Penguin, 1984).

E. A. Speiser, "Akkadian Documents from Ras Shamra," (reprinted from Journal of the American Oriental Society, Volume 75, Number 3, July-Sept., 1955) 154-165.

 

Arabic language resources

Hanna E. Kassis, A Concordance of the Qur'an (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983).

John Penrice, A Dictionary and Glossary of the Koran (London, 1873; repr., Mineola, N.Y.: Dover, 2004).

Hans Wehr, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic (Arabic-English) (3d ed.; ed. J. M. Cowan; Ithaca, N.Y.: Spoken Language Services, 1976).

W. Wright, A Grammar of the Arabic Language (3d ed.; 2 vols.; Cambridge, 1896-98; repr., 2 vols. in 1; Mineola, N.Y.: Dover, 2005).

Farhat J. Ziadeh and R. Bayly Winder, An Introduction to Modern Arabic (Princeton, N.J., 1957; repr., Mineola, N.Y.: Dover, 2003).

 

Arabic texts and translations

The Holy Qur’ān (n.p., n.d.).  With Arabic text, transliteration in Roman script, and English translation by Abdullah Yusuf Ali.

 

Aramaic language resources

R. A. Brauner, A Comparative Lexicon of Old Aramaic (Ph.D. dissertation, Dropsie University, 1974; Ann Arbor: University Microfilms International, 1984).

F. E. Greenspahn, An Introduction to Aramaic (Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1999).

Alger F. Johns, A Short Grammar of Biblical Aramaic (rev. ed.; Berrien Springs, Mich.: Andrews University Press, 1972).

T. Nöldeke, Compendious Syriac Grammar (London, 1904; reprinted, Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns, 2001).

J. Payne Smith, A Compendious Syriac Dictionary: Founded upon the Thesaurus Syriacus by R. Payne Smith (Oxford, 1903; reprinted, Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns, 1998).

F. Rosenthal, A Grammar of Biblical Aramaic (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz,1968).

A. Ungnad, Syrische Grammatik mit Übungsbuch (München: C.H. Beck’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1932).

 

Egyptian language resources

R. O. Faulkner, A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian (Oxford: Griffith Institute, 1962; reprinted, 1964).

A. Gardiner, Egyptian Grammar: Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs (3d ed.; London: Oxford University Press, 1969).

R. Smith, A Concise Coptic-English Lexicon (2d ed.; Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 1999).

 

Egyptian texts and translations

H. Brunner, Hieroglyphische Chrestomathie (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1965).

A. de Buck, Egyptian Reading-book: Exercises and Middle Egyptian Texts (Leiden: Netherlands Instituut Voor Het Nabije Oosten, 1963).

The Literature of Ancient Egypt: An Anthology of Stories, Instructions, and Poetry (ed. W. K. Simpson; New Haven: Yale University Press, 1973).

W. J. Murnane, Texts from the Amarna Period in Egypt (ed. E. S. Meltzer; Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1995).

James M. Robinson, ed., The Nag Hammadi Library in English (San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1981).

______, The Nag Hammadi Library in English (3d rev. ed.; San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1988).

E. Wente, Letters from Ancient Egypt (Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1990).

 

Greek language resources

Autenrieth’s A Homeric Dictionary (trans./ed. R. P. Keep, further revisions by I. Flag; Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1958).

Walter Bauer, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature (2d ed.; revised & augmented by William F. Arndt, F. Wilbur Gingrich, and Frederick W. Danker; Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1979).

F. Blass and A. Debrunner, A Greek Grammar of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature (trans. & rev. Robert W. Funk; Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1961).

C. D. Buck, The Greek Dialects (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1968).

C. H. Gordon, Evidence for the Minoan Language (Ventnor, NJ: Ventnor Publishers, 1966).

Grimm’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (4^th ed., trans/revised J. H. Thayer; Edinburgh/New York: T. & T. Clark/Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1901).

Hardy Hansen and Gerald M. Quinn, Greek: An Intensive Course, Preliminary Edition (2d ed.; 2 vols.; New York: Fordham University Press, 1983).

H. G. Liddell and R. Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, with A Revised Supplement (9th ed.; Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996).

Liddell and Scott’s Intermediate Greek-English Lexicon (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1889).

J. G. Machen, New Testament Greek for Beginners (New York: Macmillan, 1961).

L. R. Palmer, The Interpretation of Mycenaean Greek Texts (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1963; reprinted, 1969).

C. Pharr, Homeric Greek: A Book for Beginners (revised by John Wright; Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1985).

R. J. Richard, "HT 31—An Interpretation," Kadmos 13 (1974) 6-8.

R. E. Van Voorst, Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary (3d ed.; Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2001).

A. G. Woodhead, The Study of Greek Inscriptions (2nd ed.; Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 1992).

 

Greek texts and translations

L. C. L. Brenton, The Septuagint with Apocrypha: Greek and English (London, 1851; reprinted, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson Publishers, 2001).

D. A. Campbell, Greek Lyric Poetry: A Selection of Early Greek Lyric, Elegaic and Iambic Poetry (London/New York: Macmillan/St. Martin's Press, 1967).

E. J. Goodspeed, The Apocrypha: An American Translation (New York: Vintage, 1959).

Homer, The Iliad: The Story of Achilles (trans. W. H. D. Rouse; New York: Mentor, 1950).

______, The Odyssey (trans. R. Fitzgerald; Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor Books, 1963).

Septuaginta (7^th ed.; 2 vols.; ed. A. Rahlfs; Stuttgart: Württembergische Bibelanstalt, 1962).

Synopsis of the Four Gospels: Greek-English Edition of the Synopsis Quattuor Evangeliorum (3d ed.; ed. Kurt Aland; Stuttgart: United Bible Societies, 1979).

 

Hebrew language resources

E. Ben Zvi, M. Hancock, and R. Beinert, Readings in Biblical Hebrew: An Intermediate Textbook (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1993).

F. Brown, S. R. Driver, and C. A. Briggs, Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (Oxford, 1907; reprinted, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968).

Benjamin Davidson,  The Analytical Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon (2d ed.; London, 1850; repr., Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1979).

Gesenius' Hebrew Grammar as Edited and Enlarged by the late E. Kautzsch (2d English ed.; ed. A.E. Cowley; Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1910).

S. L. Gogel, A Grammar of Epigraphic Hebrew (Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1998).

William L. Holladay, A Concise Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 1971).

L. Koehler, W. Baumgartner, and J. J. Stamm, The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament (5 vols.; Leiden: Brill, 1994-2000).

T. O. Lambdin, Introduction to Biblical Hebrew (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1971).

G. M. Landes, Building Your Biblical Hebrew Vocabulary (Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2001).

G. Lisowsky, Konkordanz zum hebräischen Alten Testament (2d ed.; Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1981).

B. K. Waltke and M. O’Connor, An Introduction to Biblical Hebrew Syntax (Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns, 1990).

W. Weinberg, "A Concise History of the Hebrew Language," Hebrew Teaching and Applied Linguistics (ed. M. Nahir; Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1981) 19-96.

Jacob Weingreen, A Practical Grammar for Classical Hebrew (2nd ed.; Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1959; reprinted, 1967).

I. Yeivin, Introduction to the Tiberian Masorah (n.p.: Scholars Press, 1980).

 

Hebrew texts

BibleWorks 5: Software for Biblical Exegesis and Research.  Masoretic Text (BHS), Septuagint (Rahlfs), Vulgate.

Biblia Hebraica (3d ed.; ed. Rudolf Kittel, et al.; Stuttgart: Württembergische Bibelanstalt, 1937).

Biblia Hebraica Leningradensia: Prepared According to the Vocalization, Accents, and Masora of Aaron Ben Moses ben Asher in the Leningrad Codex (ed. A. Dotan; Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers, 2000).

Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia (Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1977).

Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia (5th ed.; Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1997).

The Dead Sea Scrolls Electronic Reference Library, 2: Including the Dead Sea Scrolls Database (Non-Biblical Texts) (ed. E. Tov; Leiden: Brill, 1999).

Hebrew Bible, Letteris (New York: Hebrew Publishing Company, n.d.).

The Judaic Classics Deluxe Edition (Chicago: Davka Corporation, 1995). An electronic edition of Tanakh (with niqud) and some of its medieval commentaries, Targum Onkelos (with niqud), Mishnah, Tosefta, Talmudim and commentaries, the halakhic and aggadic Midrashim, Zohar, and codes. Permits word or phrase searches through one or more of these sources.

The Leningrad Codex: A Facsimile Edition (ed. David Noel Freedman, et al.; Grand Rapids & Leiden: William B. Eerdmans & Brill, 1998).

J. M. Lindenberger, Ancient Aramaic and Hebrew Letters (Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1994).

Sabatino Moscati, L’epigrafia ebraica antica, 1935-1950 (Roma: Pontifico Istituto Biblico, 1951).

I. W. Slotski, Isaiah: Hebrew Text & English Translation with an Introduction and Commentary (rev. by A. J. Rosenberg; London and New York: The Soncino Press, 1983).

The Torah CD-ROM Library (Disc Book Systems, Ltd., 55 Malchei Israel St., Jerusalem 94395).  Bible, parshanut, classical rabbinic literature (halakhic and aggadic), philosophy, kabbalah, codes, siddurim.

A. Yardeni, Textbook of Aramaic, Hebrew and Nabataean Documentary Texts from the Judaean Desert and Related Material (2 vols.; Jerusalem: The Ben-Zion Dinur Center for Research in Jewish History, 2000).

 

Hittite language resources

E. H. Sturtevant, A Comparative Grammar of the Hittite Language (Philadelphia: Linguistic Society of America, 1933).

 

Hittite texts and translations

G. Beckman, Hittite Diplomatic Texts (2d ed.; Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1999).

H. A. Hoffner, Hittite Myths (2d ed.; Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1998).

I. Singer, Hittite Prayers (Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2002).

 

Latin language resources

Frederic M. Wheelock, Latin: An Introductory Course Based on Ancient Authors (3d ed.; New York: Barnes & Noble, 1963).

 

Phoenician language resources

Z. S. Harris, A Grammar of the Phoenician Language (New Haven: American Oriental Society, 1936; reprinted, 1971).

 

Sanskrit language resources

William Dwight Whitney, Sanskrit Grammar (3d ed.; Boston, 1896; repr., Mineola, N.Y.: Dover, 2003).

 

Sumerian language resources

M.-L. Thomsen, The Sumerian Language: An Introduction to its History and Grammatical Structure (3d ed.; Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag, 2001).

 

Sumerian texts and translations

F. R. Steele, The Code of Lipit-Ishtar (Philadelphia: The University Musuem/University of Pennsylvania, n.d.) (reprinted from American Journal of Archaeology; Volume LII Number 3, July-September 1948).

 

Ugaritic language resources

G. del Olmo Lete and J. Sanmartín, Diccionario de la lengua ugaritica (2 vols.; Aula Orientalis-Supplementa 7-8; Barcelona: Editorial AUSA, 1996-2000).

C. H. Gordon, Ugaritic Textbook: Grammar, Texts in Transliteration, Cuneiform Selections, Glossary, Indices (revised reprint; Roma: Editrice Pontificio Istituto Biblico, 1998).

S. Segert, A Basic Grammar of the Ugaritic Language (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984).

D. Sivan, A Grammar of the Ugaritic Language (HO I, vol. 28; Leiden: Brill, 2001).

 

Ugaritic texts and translations

M. Dietrich, O. Loretz, and J. Sanmartín, The Cuneiform Alphabetic Texts from Ugarit, Ras Ibn Hani and Other Places: (KTU: second, enlarged edition) (Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, 1995).

G. R. Driver, Canaanite Myths and Legends (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1956).

J. C. L. Gibson, Canaanite Myths and Legends (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1978).

Dennis Pardee, Ritual and Cult at Ugarit (Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2002).

S. B. Parker, Ugaritic Narrative Poetry (Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1997).

C. F. A. Schaeffer, Le palais royal d’Ugarit III (Mission de Ras Shamra, tome VI; 2 vols; Paris: Imprimerie Nationale/Librarie C. Klincksieck, 1955).

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